Distraction Osteogenesis Wilmington, DE

At Oral Facial Surgery of Delaware, Dr. Conor Campbell and Dr. Louis Rafetto specialize in advanced oral and maxillofacial surgical techniques, including distraction osteogenesis. This innovative procedure is used to treat a variety of complex issues related to the jaw, face, and skull, helping patients regain both function and appearance.

Distraction osteogenesis is a process that promotes the gradual growth of bone in areas that need reconstruction or correction, typically due to congenital defects, trauma, or disease. It involves cutting and slowly moving the bone apart, allowing new bone to form in the gap, making it an effective solution for individuals who need bone expansion or realignment.

Who Benefits from Distraction Osteogenesis?

Distraction osteogenesis is typically recommended for individuals who have experienced bone loss or abnormal bone development, often due to the following reasons:

  1. Congenital Jaw Deformities: Some individuals are born with jaw abnormalities, such as a receding jaw (micrognathia), overdeveloped jaw (macrogenia), or facial asymmetry. These conditions can cause problems with speech, chewing, and overall facial appearance. Distraction osteogenesis can help correct these issues by gradually repositioning the jaw.

  2. Trauma or Injury: Accidents, falls, or sports injuries can result in fractures or deformities of the jaw or facial bones. Distraction osteogenesis may be used to restore normal bone structure in cases where the bone needs to be lengthened or repositioned.

  3. Cleft Lip and Palate: Patients with cleft lip or palate often face challenges related to jaw development. Distraction osteogenesis can help lengthen the upper jaw or correct other abnormalities related to this condition.

  4. Dental Implant Preparation: In some cases, patients who have experienced significant bone loss due to tooth extraction or periodontal disease may not have enough bone to support dental implants. Distraction osteogenesis can be used to regenerate bone, allowing for the successful placement of implants.

  5. Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Disorders: Severe TMJ dysfunction can lead to significant changes in jaw alignment. Distraction osteogenesis can help realign the jaw to improve function and relieve pain.

  6. Sleep Apnea: Some individuals with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have an underdeveloped lower jaw or a receded chin, which can block the airway during sleep. Distraction osteogenesis can be used to reposition the jaw, open the airway, and improve breathing.

Distraction osteogenesis is typically recommended when less invasive treatments, such as braces or standard surgery, may not be effective. It is a technique that requires careful planning, as it is often used to address both functional and cosmetic concerns.

How Does Distraction Osteogenesis Work?

The procedure for distraction osteogenesis involves three main stages: surgical separation of the bone, gradual bone distraction, and bone consolidation.

Stage 1: Surgical Separation

The first step in the process is to carefully cut the bone in the desired area. This is typically done under general anesthesia to ensure that the patient is comfortable throughout the procedure. A small incision is made in the gum or skin, depending on the location of the bone that needs to be treated. The bone is then cut in a controlled manner, leaving the two halves separated but still attached by soft tissue and muscle.

In some cases, a distraction device is placed on the bone. This device consists of a small metal frame with screws, which are attached to the bone at the site of the separation. The device is used to apply gradual force to the bone segments, encouraging the bone to grow and expand.

Stage 2: Gradual Bone Distraction

After the bone has been surgically separated, the next stage of the process involves slowly moving the bone apart to stimulate the formation of new bone tissue. This is done through the distraction device, which is adjusted daily (usually by the patient or their caregiver) to apply incremental pressure to the bone. Typically, the bone is moved by about 1 millimeter per day.

This gradual movement encourages the body’s natural healing process, stimulating the growth of new bone tissue in the space between the separated bone segments. Over time, the bone gradually fills in, creating a solid bridge of new bone that connects the separated pieces.

The distraction process generally lasts from several weeks to a few months, depending on the amount of bone lengthening or realignment required. During this time, the patient will be monitored closely to ensure that the distraction is proceeding as planned and that the bone is regenerating properly.

Stage 3: Bone Consolidation

Once the desired amount of bone lengthening or repositioning has been achieved, the distraction device is left in place for several weeks to allow the newly formed bone to harden and consolidate. This phase is crucial because it ensures that the newly formed bone becomes strong and stable enough to support normal function.

After the consolidation phase is complete, the distraction device is removed, and the patient’s jaw or facial structure should be fully realigned, with a restored or enhanced appearance.

What to Expect After Distraction Osteogenesis

After undergoing distraction osteogenesis, patients can expect a recovery period that involves managing discomfort, adhering to follow-up appointments, and allowing for gradual healing.

Pain and Swelling

Like any surgical procedure, distraction osteogenesis can result in some swelling and discomfort. The amount of pain varies from patient to patient, but it is usually manageable with prescribed pain medications. Ice packs can be used to help reduce swelling in the first few days after the procedure.

Dietary Adjustments

During the early stages of recovery, patients are often advised to stick to a soft-food diet to avoid placing undue pressure on the jaw. This allows the bone to heal properly and prevents any complications with the distraction process. As the bone solidifies, patients can gradually return to a normal diet.

Oral Hygiene

Maintaining good oral hygiene is essential during recovery, especially since the distraction device may be in place for several weeks. Patients should follow the oral care instructions provided by their surgeon, including gentle brushing and rinsing to prevent infection.

Follow-Up Appointments

Patients will have several follow-up appointments with Dr. Campbell or Dr. Rafetto to monitor their progress. These appointments will include imaging tests to ensure that the bone is regenerating properly and that the distraction device is being used correctly.

Full Recovery Time

While the bone consolidation phase typically takes a few months, complete recovery may take up to 6–12 months, depending on the complexity of the case. Once healing is complete, most patients experience significant improvements in function, aesthetics, and comfort.

Is Distraction Osteogenesis Right for You?

If you have a congenital jaw deformity, have experienced jaw trauma, or suffer from other jaw-related issues that affect your function or appearance, distraction osteogenesis may be an excellent solution. Dr. Campbell and Dr. Rafetto are experienced in performing this complex procedure and can help you determine if it’s the right option for your specific needs.

To learn more about distraction osteogenesis and how it can benefit you, schedule a consultation with Oral Facial Surgery of Delaware today. Our team is dedicated to helping you restore your smile, function, and confidence through advanced surgical techniques.